Gmelina arborea Roxb.

Lamiaceae

Synonym:

Gmelina rheedii Hook.,

Premna arborea Roth.

Common Names:
Eth-demata (S)
Arisa, Umithekku (T)
Candahar tree (E)
Gambhari (Sa)

Traditional Knowledge

Useful plant parts :
Root, bark and leaf

Uses in traditional medicine :

Root decoction mixed with 2 cups of boiled cow’s milk is taken with pure kithul juggery to increase the milk secretion in mothers
Used to remove foetid discharges and worms caused due to ulcers
Given for fever and thirst

Scientific Research

Chemical constituents:

Iridoid glyosides: gmelinosides A–L, isoxazole alkaloid: premnazole from leaves; apiose containing coumarin glycoside: apiosylskimmin from roots; lignans: gummadiol, isoarboreol derivatives, hydroxysesamin derivatives, arborne, dihydrogmelinol derivatives, arboreol, gmelanone from heartwood; flavonoids: apigenin, luteolin, quercetin and hentriacontanol, β-sitosterol from plant

Bioactivity :

Alcohol, hexane, aqueous extracts of leaves: anthelmintic, antioxidative, vasovelaxant; bark and fruit extracts: alleviate oxidative stress induced liver damage; premnazole: anti-inflammatory; methanol extract of the plant: immunostimulant

Clinical:

Note :

An ingredient of ayurvedc preparation known as “Dashamularishta”

References :

Ambujakshi, H. R. and Heena, T., (2009), Anthelmintic activity of Gmelina arborea roxb. leaves extract, International Journal of Pharma- ceutical Research and Development, 1(9), 1.

Anjaneyulu, A. S. R. et al., (1975), The structure of gummadiol – A lignan hemi-acetal, Tetrahedron Letters, 16(22-23), 1803-1806.

Anjaneyulu, A. S. R. et al., (1975), The isolation and structure of 6”-bromo-isoarboreol – the first bromine containing lignan, Tetrahedron Letters, 16(52), 4697-4700.

Banu, M. et al., (2013), An overview on phytochemistry and pharmaco- logical properties of Gmelina arborea, Journal of natual productresource, 3(4), 62-71.

Barik, B. R. et al., (1976), Premnazole, an isoxazole alkaloid of Premna integrifolia L. and Gmelina arborea L. with anti-inflammatory activity, Fitoterapia, 639(4), 395.

Falah, S. et al., (2008), Chemical constituents from Gmelina arborea bark and their antioxidant activity, Journal of Wood Science, 54(6), 483-489.

Hosny, M. and John P. N., (1998), Gmelinosides A−L, Twelve Acylated Iridoid Glycosides from Gmelina arborea, J Nat Prod, 61(6), 734-742.

Jabbar, S. et al., (2004), Bioactivity studies of the individual ingredients of the Dashamularishta, Pak J Pharm Sci, 17(1), 9-17.

Malhotra, S. and Singh, A. P., (2007), A Review of Pharmacology of Phytochemicals from Indian Medicinal Plants, The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine, 5(1), 1.

Satyanarayana, P. et al., (1985), An apiose-contaning coumarin glycoside from Gmelina arborea root, Phytochemistry, 24(8), 1862-1863.

Shukla, S. H. et al., (2010), Modulating effect of Gmelina arborea Linn. on immunosuppressed albino rats, Pharmacognosy Res, 2(6), 359-63.

Wansi, S. L. et al., (2012), In vivo antioxidant and vasodilating activities of Gmelina arborea (Verberaceae) leaves hexane extract, J Complement Integr Med, 9.

Sinha, S. et al., (2006), Bark and Fruit Extracts of Gmelina arborea. Protect Liver Cells from Oxidative Stress, Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(4), 237-243.

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